Latest Peptide Research Insights

What the July 2026 FDA advisory vote and the October 2026 HHS interim access filing are, what is still pending, and why research-use-only supply is a separate channel.

No. By FDA’s definition, TB-500 is not thymosin beta-4. TB-500 is a seven-amino-acid synthetic peptide, Ac-Leu-Lys-Lys-Thr-Glu-Thr-Gln, copied from residues 17–23 of the 43-amino-acid thymosin beta-4 protein and capped with an acetyl group [R1]. It weighs

By Sequora Research Team · Updated October 2026 Semax and Selank are both synthetic seven-residue peptides that end in the same Pro-Gly-Pro tail, but they are built on different natural fragments. Semax is built on

By Sequora Research Team · Updated October 2026 MOTS-c and SS-31 are both called mitochondrial peptides, but they are different kinds of molecule. MOTS-c is a natural 16-amino-acid peptide encoded in the mitochondrial 12S rRNA

AOD-9604 and tesamorelin are both linked to growth hormone, but in opposite ways. AOD-9604 is a 16-residue piece of the growth hormone molecule itself, with no known receptor; tesamorelin is a 44-residue analogue of growth

The core difference is receptor count: semaglutide activates one receptor (GLP-1R), tirzepatide activates two (GIPR and GLP-1R), and retatrutide activates three (GIPR, GLP-1R and the glucagon receptor) [R1][R2][R3]. All three are fatty-acid-modified peptides with half-lives

Sermorelin and tesamorelin are GHRH analogues that act on the GHRH receptor; ipamorelin is not — it is a ghrelin-receptor (GHS-R1a) agonist that reaches the pituitary through a different receptor [R1][R2][R3]. All three are peptides,

BPC-157 and TB-500 are unrelated molecules. BPC-157 is a 15-amino-acid peptide taken from a gastric juice protein; TB-500 is a 7-amino-acid, N-terminally acetylated fragment (Ac-LKKTETQ) of thymosin β4, an actin-binding protein [R1][R2]. They are often

GHK-Cu and AHK-Cu are both copper(II) complexes of three-amino-acid peptides. They differ in a single residue: GHK-Cu starts with glycine (Gly-His-Lys), and AHK-Cu starts with alanine (Ala-His-Lys). GHK is the GHK peptide with no copper

NAD+ is the coenzyme itself. NMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide) and NR (nicotinamide riboside) are precursors: smaller molecules that cells convert into NAD+. NR is turned into NMN, and NMN is turned into NAD+ [R1][R2]. None of

Thymosin peptides are peptides named after the thymosins, a set of small proteins first isolated from calf thymus. The two best-studied members, thymosin alpha-1 and thymosin beta-4, share a name but not a structure: one

By Sequora Research Team · Updated October 2026 Neuropeptides are small protein-based signaling molecules that neurons make, store in vesicles and release on demand to act on other cells [R1]. They are the most diverse